Which of the following is an alternative to using pesticides?

Polyculture is an agricultural practice that involves growing multiple crop species in the same space simultaneously or in a sequential manner. This approach can reduce pest populations naturally by creating a more diverse ecosystem, making it harder for pests to establish themselves. In contrast to monoculture, where a single crop variety is grown over a large area, polyculture promotes biodiversity, which can enhance pest control naturally. Different plants can attract beneficial insects that prey on pests, and the varied root systems can improve soil health, further reducing the need for chemical pesticides.

The other practices mentioned, such as increased use of chemical fertilizers, monoculture farming, and growing single crop varieties, do not contribute to pest management in the same beneficial way. Increased chemical usage can lead to resistance in pest populations and harm beneficial organisms in the ecosystem. Monoculture can create a conducive environment for pests and diseases to thrive, as they can exploit a single crop with no diversity. Growing single crop varieties further exacerbates these issues, as it limits genetic diversity and increases vulnerability to pests and diseases. Thus, polyculture serves as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to pesticides.